[libbacktrace] Add allocfail.sh test-case

Add test-case that forces alloc.c functions to fail, and check whether fail
handling is robust.

This is the test-case for "[libbacktrace] Fix segfault upon allocation
failure".  Without that patch, this test-case fails like this:
...
allocfail.sh: line 71: 26041 Segmentation fault      (core dumped) \
  ./allocfail $i > /dev/null 2>&1
Unallowed fail found: 13
FAIL allocfail.sh (exit status: 1)
...

This is a seperate patch because the test-case is nontrivial.

Bootstrapped and reg-tested on x86_64.

2018-12-12  Tom de Vries  <tdevries@suse.de>

	* Makefile.am (TESTS): Add allocfail.sh.
	(check_PROGRAMS): Add allocfail.
	* Makefile.in: Regenerate.
	* instrumented_alloc.c: New file.  Redefine malloc and realloc.
	Include alloc.c.
	* allocfail.c: New file.
	* allocfail.sh: New file.

From-SVN: r267054

libbacktrace/ChangeLog

@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+2018-12-12  Tom de Vries  <tdevries@suse.de>
+
+	* Makefile.am (TESTS): Add allocfail.sh.
+	(check_PROGRAMS): Add allocfail.
+	* Makefile.in: Regenerate.
+	* instrumented_alloc.c: New file.  Redefine malloc and realloc.
+	Include alloc.c.
+	* allocfail.c: New file.
+	* allocfail.sh: New file.
+
 2018-11-30  Tom de Vries  <tdevries@suse.de>
 
 	* Makefile.am (check_PROGRAMS): Add test_elf, test_xcoff_32,

libbacktrace/Makefile.am

@@ -145,6 +145,26 @@ unittest_alloc_LDADD = libbacktrace_alloc.la
 
 check_PROGRAMS += unittest_alloc
 
+check_LTLIBRARIES += libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc.la
+
+libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_SOURCES = $(libbacktrace_la_SOURCES)
+libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_LIBADD = $(BACKTRACE_FILE) $(FORMAT_FILE) \
+	read.lo instrumented_alloc.lo
+
+libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_DEPENDENCIES = \
+	$(libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_LIBADD)
+
+instrumented_alloc.lo: alloc.c
+
+allocfail_SOURCES = allocfail.c testlib.c
+allocfail_LDADD = libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc.la
+
+check_PROGRAMS += allocfail
+
+allocfail.sh: allocfail
+
+TESTS += allocfail.sh
+
 btest_SOURCES = btest.c testlib.c
 btest_CFLAGS = $(AM_CFLAGS) -g -O
 btest_LDADD = libbacktrace.la

libbacktrace/Makefile.in

@@ -123,13 +123,14 @@ target_triplet = @target@
 check_PROGRAMS = $(am__EXEEXT_1) $(am__EXEEXT_2) $(am__EXEEXT_3)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_1 = test_elf test_xcoff_32 test_xcoff_64 \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@	test_pecoff test_unknown unittest unittest_alloc \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	btest btest_alloc stest stest_alloc ztest \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	allocfail btest btest_alloc stest stest_alloc \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	ztest_alloc edtest edtest_alloc
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	ztest ztest_alloc edtest edtest_alloc
-@HAVE_ZLIB_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_2 = -lz
+@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_2 = allocfail.sh
 @HAVE_ZLIB_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_3 = -lz
-@HAVE_PTHREAD_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_4 = ttest ttest_alloc
+@HAVE_ZLIB_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_4 = -lz
-@HAVE_OBJCOPY_DEBUGLINK_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_5 = dtest
+@HAVE_PTHREAD_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_5 = ttest ttest_alloc
-@HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_6 = ctestg ctesta \
+@HAVE_OBJCOPY_DEBUGLINK_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_6 = dtest
+@HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__append_7 = ctestg ctesta \
 @HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@	ctestg_alloc \
 @HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@	ctesta_alloc
 subdir = .
@@ -169,6 +170,11 @@ am__objects_1 = atomic.lo dwarf.lo fileline.lo posix.lo print.lo \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@am_libbacktrace_alloc_la_OBJECTS = $(am__objects_1)
 libbacktrace_alloc_la_OBJECTS = $(am_libbacktrace_alloc_la_OBJECTS)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@am_libbacktrace_alloc_la_rpath =
+@NATIVE_TRUE@am_libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_OBJECTS =  \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	$(am__objects_1)
+libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_OBJECTS =  \
+	$(am_libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_OBJECTS)
+@NATIVE_TRUE@am_libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_rpath =
 @NATIVE_TRUE@am_libbacktrace_noformat_la_OBJECTS = $(am__objects_1)
 libbacktrace_noformat_la_OBJECTS =  \
 	$(am_libbacktrace_noformat_la_OBJECTS)
@@ -176,11 +182,11 @@ libbacktrace_noformat_la_OBJECTS =  \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@am__EXEEXT_1 = test_elf$(EXEEXT) test_xcoff_32$(EXEEXT) \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@	test_xcoff_64$(EXEEXT) test_pecoff$(EXEEXT) \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@	test_unknown$(EXEEXT) unittest$(EXEEXT) \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	unittest_alloc$(EXEEXT) btest$(EXEEXT) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	unittest_alloc$(EXEEXT) allocfail$(EXEEXT) \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	btest_alloc$(EXEEXT) stest$(EXEEXT) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	btest$(EXEEXT) btest_alloc$(EXEEXT) \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	stest_alloc$(EXEEXT) ztest$(EXEEXT) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	stest$(EXEEXT) stest_alloc$(EXEEXT) \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	ztest_alloc$(EXEEXT) edtest$(EXEEXT) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	ztest$(EXEEXT) ztest_alloc$(EXEEXT) \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	edtest_alloc$(EXEEXT)
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	edtest$(EXEEXT) edtest_alloc$(EXEEXT)
 @HAVE_PTHREAD_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__EXEEXT_2 = ttest$(EXEEXT) \
 @HAVE_PTHREAD_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@	ttest_alloc$(EXEEXT)
 @HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@am__EXEEXT_3 =  \
@@ -188,6 +194,11 @@ libbacktrace_noformat_la_OBJECTS =  \
 @HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@	ctesta$(EXEEXT) \
 @HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@	ctestg_alloc$(EXEEXT) \
 @HAVE_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_TRUE@@NATIVE_TRUE@	ctesta_alloc$(EXEEXT)
+@NATIVE_TRUE@am_allocfail_OBJECTS = allocfail.$(OBJEXT) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	testlib.$(OBJEXT)
+allocfail_OBJECTS = $(am_allocfail_OBJECTS)
+@NATIVE_TRUE@allocfail_DEPENDENCIES =  \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc.la
 @NATIVE_TRUE@am_btest_OBJECTS = btest-btest.$(OBJEXT) \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@	btest-testlib.$(OBJEXT)
 btest_OBJECTS = $(am_btest_OBJECTS)
@@ -356,8 +367,9 @@ am__v_CCLD_0 = @echo "  CCLD    " $@;
 am__v_CCLD_1 = 
 SOURCES = $(libbacktrace_la_SOURCES) $(EXTRA_libbacktrace_la_SOURCES) \
 	$(libbacktrace_alloc_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(libbacktrace_noformat_la_SOURCES) $(btest_SOURCES) \
+	$(libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(btest_alloc_SOURCES) $(ctesta_SOURCES) \
+	$(libbacktrace_noformat_la_SOURCES) $(allocfail_SOURCES) \
+	$(btest_SOURCES) $(btest_alloc_SOURCES) $(ctesta_SOURCES) \
 	$(ctesta_alloc_SOURCES) $(ctestg_SOURCES) \
 	$(ctestg_alloc_SOURCES) $(edtest_SOURCES) \
 	$(edtest_alloc_SOURCES) $(stest_SOURCES) \
@@ -774,9 +786,10 @@ libbacktrace_la_LIBADD = \
 	$(ALLOC_FILE)
 
 libbacktrace_la_DEPENDENCIES = $(libbacktrace_la_LIBADD)
-TESTS = $(check_PROGRAMS) $(am__append_5)
+TESTS = $(check_PROGRAMS) $(am__append_2) $(am__append_6)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@check_LTLIBRARIES = libbacktrace_alloc.la \
-@NATIVE_TRUE@	libbacktrace_noformat.la
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	libbacktrace_noformat.la \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc.la
 @NATIVE_TRUE@libbacktrace_alloc_la_SOURCES = $(libbacktrace_la_SOURCES)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@libbacktrace_alloc_la_LIBADD = $(BACKTRACE_FILE) $(FORMAT_FILE) read.lo alloc.lo
 @NATIVE_TRUE@libbacktrace_alloc_la_DEPENDENCIES = $(libbacktrace_alloc_la_LIBADD)
@@ -797,6 +810,15 @@ TESTS = $(check_PROGRAMS) $(am__append_5)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@unittest_LDADD = libbacktrace.la
 @NATIVE_TRUE@unittest_alloc_SOURCES = $(unittest_SOURCES)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@unittest_alloc_LDADD = libbacktrace_alloc.la
+@NATIVE_TRUE@libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_SOURCES = $(libbacktrace_la_SOURCES)
+@NATIVE_TRUE@libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_LIBADD = $(BACKTRACE_FILE) $(FORMAT_FILE) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	read.lo instrumented_alloc.lo
+
+@NATIVE_TRUE@libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_DEPENDENCIES = \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@	$(libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_LIBADD)
+
+@NATIVE_TRUE@allocfail_SOURCES = allocfail.c testlib.c
+@NATIVE_TRUE@allocfail_LDADD = libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc.la
 @NATIVE_TRUE@btest_SOURCES = btest.c testlib.c
 @NATIVE_TRUE@btest_CFLAGS = $(AM_CFLAGS) -g -O
 @NATIVE_TRUE@btest_LDADD = libbacktrace.la
@@ -809,9 +831,9 @@ TESTS = $(check_PROGRAMS) $(am__append_5)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@stest_alloc_LDADD = libbacktrace_alloc.la
 @NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_SOURCES = ztest.c testlib.c
 @NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_CFLAGS = -DSRCDIR=\"$(srcdir)\"
-@NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_LDADD = libbacktrace.la $(am__append_2) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_LDADD = libbacktrace.la $(am__append_3) \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@	$(CLOCK_GETTIME_LINK)
-@NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_alloc_LDADD = libbacktrace_alloc.la $(am__append_3) \
+@NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_alloc_LDADD = libbacktrace_alloc.la $(am__append_4) \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@	$(CLOCK_GETTIME_LINK)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_alloc_SOURCES = $(ztest_SOURCES)
 @NATIVE_TRUE@ztest_alloc_CFLAGS = $(ztest_CFLAGS)
@@ -945,6 +967,9 @@ libbacktrace.la: $(libbacktrace_la_OBJECTS) $(libbacktrace_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EX
 libbacktrace_alloc.la: $(libbacktrace_alloc_la_OBJECTS) $(libbacktrace_alloc_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_libbacktrace_alloc_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK) $(am_libbacktrace_alloc_la_rpath) $(libbacktrace_alloc_la_OBJECTS) $(libbacktrace_alloc_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
 
+libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc.la: $(libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_OBJECTS) $(libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK) $(am_libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_rpath) $(libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_OBJECTS) $(libbacktrace_instrumented_alloc_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
+
 libbacktrace_noformat.la: $(libbacktrace_noformat_la_OBJECTS) $(libbacktrace_noformat_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_libbacktrace_noformat_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK) $(am_libbacktrace_noformat_la_rpath) $(libbacktrace_noformat_la_OBJECTS) $(libbacktrace_noformat_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
 
@@ -957,6 +982,10 @@ clean-checkPROGRAMS:
 	echo " rm -f" $$list; \
 	rm -f $$list
 
+allocfail$(EXEEXT): $(allocfail_OBJECTS) $(allocfail_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_allocfail_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	@rm -f allocfail$(EXEEXT)
+	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK) $(allocfail_OBJECTS) $(allocfail_LDADD) $(LIBS)
+
 btest$(EXEEXT): $(btest_OBJECTS) $(btest_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_btest_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	@rm -f btest$(EXEEXT)
 	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(btest_LINK) $(btest_OBJECTS) $(btest_LDADD) $(LIBS)
@@ -1434,6 +1463,13 @@ unittest_alloc.log: unittest_alloc$(EXEEXT)
 	--log-file $$b.log --trs-file $$b.trs \
 	$(am__common_driver_flags) $(AM_LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) $(LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) -- $(LOG_COMPILE) \
 	"$$tst" $(AM_TESTS_FD_REDIRECT)
+allocfail.log: allocfail$(EXEEXT)
+	@p='allocfail$(EXEEXT)'; \
+	b='allocfail'; \
+	$(am__check_pre) $(LOG_DRIVER) --test-name "$$f" \
+	--log-file $$b.log --trs-file $$b.trs \
+	$(am__common_driver_flags) $(AM_LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) $(LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) -- $(LOG_COMPILE) \
+	"$$tst" $(AM_TESTS_FD_REDIRECT)
 btest.log: btest$(EXEEXT)
 	@p='btest$(EXEEXT)'; \
 	b='btest'; \
@@ -1532,6 +1568,13 @@ ctesta_alloc.log: ctesta_alloc$(EXEEXT)
 	--log-file $$b.log --trs-file $$b.trs \
 	$(am__common_driver_flags) $(AM_LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) $(LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) -- $(LOG_COMPILE) \
 	"$$tst" $(AM_TESTS_FD_REDIRECT)
+allocfail.sh.log: allocfail.sh
+	@p='allocfail.sh'; \
+	b='allocfail.sh'; \
+	$(am__check_pre) $(LOG_DRIVER) --test-name "$$f" \
+	--log-file $$b.log --trs-file $$b.trs \
+	$(am__common_driver_flags) $(AM_LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) $(LOG_DRIVER_FLAGS) -- $(LOG_COMPILE) \
+	"$$tst" $(AM_TESTS_FD_REDIRECT)
 dtest.log: dtest
 	@p='dtest'; \
 	b='dtest'; \
@@ -1695,6 +1738,10 @@ uninstall-am:
 @NATIVE_TRUE@		$(srcdir)/xcoff.c \
 @NATIVE_TRUE@		> $@
 
+@NATIVE_TRUE@instrumented_alloc.lo: alloc.c
+
+@NATIVE_TRUE@allocfail.sh: allocfail
+
 @NATIVE_TRUE@edtest2_build.c: gen_edtest2_build; @true
 @NATIVE_TRUE@gen_edtest2_build: $(srcdir)/edtest2.c
 @NATIVE_TRUE@	cat $(srcdir)/edtest2.c > tmp-edtest2_build.c

libbacktrace/allocfail.c

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/* allocfail.c -- Test for libbacktrace library
+   Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    (1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    (2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+    distribution.
+
+    (3) The name of the author may not be used to
+    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+    specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
+IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.  */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "filenames.h"
+
+#include "backtrace.h"
+#include "backtrace-supported.h"
+
+#include "testlib.h"
+
+extern uint64_t get_nr_allocs (void);
+extern void set_fail_at_alloc (uint64_t);
+extern int at_fail_alloc_p (void);
+
+static int test1 (void) __attribute__ ((noinline, unused));
+static int f2 (int) __attribute__ ((noinline));
+static int f3 (int, int) __attribute__ ((noinline));
+
+static unsigned callback_errors = 0;
+
+static void
+error_callback_full (void *vdata ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		     const char *msg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		     int errnum ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  if (at_fail_alloc_p ())
+    {
+      set_fail_at_alloc (0);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  callback_errors++;
+}
+
+static int
+callback_full (void *vdata ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, uintptr_t pc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+	      const char *filename ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+	      int lineno ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+	      const char *function ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+test1 (void)
+{
+  return f2 (__LINE__) + 1;
+}
+
+static int
+f2 (int f1line)
+{
+  return f3 (f1line, __LINE__) + 2;
+}
+
+static int
+f3 (int f1line ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, int f2line ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  i = backtrace_full (state, 0, callback_full, error_callback_full, NULL);
+
+  if (i != 0)
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "test1: unexpected return value %d\n", i);
+      ++failures;
+    }
+
+  if (callback_errors)
+      ++failures;
+
+  return failures;
+}
+
+/* Run all the tests.  */
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  uint64_t fail_at = 0;
+
+  if (argc == 2)
+    {
+      fail_at = atoi (argv[1]);
+      set_fail_at_alloc (fail_at);
+    }
+
+  state = backtrace_create_state (argv[0], BACKTRACE_SUPPORTS_THREADS,
+				  error_callback_full, NULL);
+  if (state == NULL)
+    exit (failures ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+#if BACKTRACE_SUPPORTED
+  test1 ();
+#endif
+
+  if (argc == 1)
+    fprintf (stderr, "%lu\n", get_nr_allocs ());
+
+  exit (failures ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}

libbacktrace/allocfail.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# allocfail.sh -- Test for libbacktrace library.
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+
+#     (1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+#     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+#     (2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+#     the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+#     distribution.
+
+#     (3) The name of the author may not be used to
+#     endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#     specific prior written permission.
+
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+# INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+# (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+# STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
+# IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+set -e
+set -o pipefail
+
+if [ ! -f ./allocfail ]; then
+    # Hard failure.
+    exit 99
+fi
+
+allocs=$(./allocfail 2>&1)
+if [ "$allocs" = "" ]; then
+    # Hard failure.
+    exit 99
+fi
+
+# This generates the following output:
+# ...
+# $ allocfail.sh
+# allocs: 80495
+# Status changed to 0 at 1
+# Status changed to 1 at 3
+# Status changed to 0 at 11
+# Status changed to 1 at 12
+# Status changed to 0 at 845
+# ...
+#
+# We have status 0 for an allocation failure at:
+# - 1 because backtrace_create_state handles failure robustly
+# - 2 because the fail switches backtrace_full to !can_alloc mode.
+# - 11 because failure of elf_open_debugfile_by_buildid does not generate an
+#   error callback beyond the one for the allocation failure itself.
+
+echo "allocs: $allocs"
+
+step=1
+i=1
+passes=0
+prev_status=-1
+while [ $i -le $allocs ]; do
+    if ./allocfail $i >/dev/null 2>&1; status=$?; then
+	true
+    fi
+    if [ $status -gt 1 ]; then
+	echo "Unallowed fail found: $i"
+	# Failure.
+	exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # The test-case would run too long if we would excercise all allocs.
+    # So, run with step 1 initially, and increase the step once we have 10
+    # subsequent passes, and drop back to step 1 once we encounter another
+    # failure.  This takes ~2.6 seconds on an i7-6600U CPU @ 2.60GHz.
+    if [ $status -eq 0 ]; then
+	passes=$(($passes + 1))
+	if [ $passes -ge 10 ]; then
+	    step=$((step * 10))
+	    passes=0
+	fi
+    elif [ $status -eq 1 ]; then
+	passes=0
+	step=1
+    fi
+
+    if [ $status -ne $prev_status ]; then
+	echo "Status changed to $status at $i"
+    fi
+    prev_status=$status
+
+    i=$(($i + $step))
+done
+
+# Success.
+exit 0

libbacktrace/instrumented_alloc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/* instrumented_alloc.c -- Memory allocation instrumented to fail when
+   requested, for testing purposes.
+   Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    (1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    (2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+    distribution.
+
+    (3) The name of the author may not be used to
+    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+    specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
+IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.  */
+
+/* Include all the header files of alloc here, to make sure they're not
+   processed when including alloc.c below, such that the redefinitions of malloc
+   and realloc are only effective in alloc.c itself.  This does not work for
+   config.h, because it's not wrapped in "#ifndef CONFIG_H\n#define CONFIG_H"
+   and "#endif" but that does not seem to be harmful.  */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include "backtrace.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+
+extern void *instrumented_malloc (size_t size);
+extern void *instrumented_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size);
+
+#define malloc instrumented_malloc
+#define realloc instrumented_realloc
+#include "alloc.c"
+#undef malloc
+#undef realloc
+
+static uint64_t nr_allocs = 0;
+static uint64_t fail_at_alloc = 0;
+
+extern int at_fail_alloc_p (void);
+extern uint64_t get_nr_allocs (void);
+extern void set_fail_at_alloc (uint64_t);
+
+void *
+instrumented_malloc (size_t size)
+{
+  void *res;
+
+  if (at_fail_alloc_p ())
+    return NULL;
+
+  res = malloc (size);
+  if (res != NULL)
+    nr_allocs++;
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+void *
+instrumented_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+  void *res;
+
+  if (size != 0)
+    {
+      if (at_fail_alloc_p ())
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+  res = realloc (ptr, size);
+  if (res != NULL)
+    nr_allocs++;
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+at_fail_alloc_p (void)
+{
+  return fail_at_alloc == nr_allocs + 1;
+}
+
+uint64_t
+get_nr_allocs (void)
+{
+  return nr_allocs;
+}
+
+void
+set_fail_at_alloc (uint64_t nr)
+{
+  fail_at_alloc = nr;
+}