blk-throttle: fix lower bps rate by throtl_trim_slice()

The bio submission time may be a few jiffies more than the expected
waiting time, due to 'extra_bytes' can't be divided in
tg_within_bps_limit(), and also due to timer wakeup delay.
In this case, adjust slice_start to jiffies will discard the extra wait time,
causing lower rate than expected.

Current in-tree code already covers deviation by rounddown(), but turns
out it is not enough, because jiffies - slice_start can be a multiple of
throtl_slice.

For example, assume bps_limit is 1000bytes, 1 jiffes is 10ms, and
slice is 20ms(2 jiffies), expected rate is 1000 / 1000 * 20 = 20 bytes
per slice.

If user issues two 21 bytes IO, then wait time will be 30ms for the
first IO:

bytes_allowed = 20, extra_bytes = 1;
jiffy_wait = 1 + 2 = 3 jiffies

and consider
extra 1 jiffies by timer, throtl_trim_slice() will be called at:

jiffies = 40ms
slice_start = 0ms, slice_end= 40ms
bytes_disp = 21

In this case, before the patch, real rate in the first two slices is
10.5 bytes per slice, and slice will be updated to:

jiffies = 40ms
slice_start = 40ms, slice_end = 60ms,
bytes_disp = 0;

Hence the second IO will have to wait another 30ms;

With the patch, the real rate in the first slice is 20 bytes per slice,
which is the same as expected, and slice will be updated:

jiffies=40ms,
slice_start = 20ms, slice_end = 60ms,
bytes_disp = 1;

And now, there is still 19 bytes allowed in the second slice, and the
second IO will only have to wait 10ms;

This problem will cause blktests throtl/001 failure in case of
CONFIG_HZ_100=y, fix it by preserving one extra finished slice in
throtl_trim_slice().

Fixes: e43473b7 ("blkio: Core implementation of throttle policy")
Reported-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/20250222092823.210318-3-yukuai1@huaweicloud.com/


Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250227120645.812815-1-yukuai1@huaweicloud.com


Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>