Commit 4c5e7f0f authored Mar 19, 2026 by Jinjiang Tu Committed by Andrew Morton Mar 27, 2026

mm/huge_memory: fix folio isn't locked in softleaf_to_folio()

On arm64 server, we found folio that get from migration entry isn't locked
in softleaf_to_folio().  This issue triggers when mTHP splitting and
zap_nonpresent_ptes() races, and the root cause is lack of memory barrier
in softleaf_to_folio().  The race is as follows:

	CPU0                                             CPU1

deferred_split_scan()                              zap_nonpresent_ptes()
  lock folio
  split_folio()
    unmap_folio()
      change ptes to migration entries
    __split_folio_to_order()                         softleaf_to_folio()
      set flags(including PG_locked) for tail pages    folio = pfn_folio(softleaf_to_pfn(entry))
      smp_wmb()                                        VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(folio))
      prep_compound_page() for tail pages

In __split_folio_to_order(), smp_wmb() guarantees page flags of tail pages
are visible before the tail page becomes non-compound.  smp_wmb() should
be paired with smp_rmb() in softleaf_to_folio(), which is missed.  As a
result, if zap_nonpresent_ptes() accesses migration entry that stores tail
pfn, softleaf_to_folio() may see the updated compound_head of tail page
before page->flags.

This issue will trigger VM_WARN_ON_ONCE() in pfn_swap_entry_folio()
because of the race between folio split and zap_nonpresent_ptes()
leading to a folio incorrectly undergoing modification without a folio
lock being held.

This is a BUG_ON() before commit 93976a20 ("mm: eliminate further
swapops predicates"), which in merged in v6.19-rc1.

To fix it, add missing smp_rmb() if the softleaf entry is migration entry
in softleaf_to_folio() and softleaf_to_page().

[tujinjiang@huawei.com: update function name and comments]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260321075214.3305564-1-tujinjiang@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260319012541.4158561-1-tujinjiang@huawei.com


Fixes: e9b61f19 ("thp: reintroduce split_huge_page()")
Signed-off-by: Jinjiang Tu <tujinjiang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Nanyong Sun <sunnanyong@huawei.com>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

parent 24f9515d

include/linux/leafops.h

+21 −11

Original line number	Diff line number	Diff line
		@@ -363,6 +363,23 @@ static inline unsigned long softleaf_to_pfn(softleaf_t entry)
		return swp_offset(entry) & SWP_PFN_MASK;
		}

		static inline void softleaf_migration_sync(softleaf_t entry,
		struct folio *folio)
		{
		/*
		* Ensure we do not race with split, which might alter tail pages into new
		* folios and thus result in observing an unlocked folio.
		* This matches the write barrier in __split_folio_to_order().
		*/
		smp_rmb();

		/*
		* Any use of migration entries may only occur while the
		* corresponding page is locked
		*/
		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(folio));
		}

		/**
		* softleaf_to_page() - Obtains struct page for PFN encoded within leaf entry.
		* @entry: Leaf entry, softleaf_has_pfn(@entry) must return true.
		@@ -374,11 +391,8 @@ static inline struct page *softleaf_to_page(softleaf_t entry)
		struct page *page = pfn_to_page(softleaf_to_pfn(entry));

		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!softleaf_has_pfn(entry));
		/*
		* Any use of migration entries may only occur while the
		* corresponding page is locked
		*/
		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(softleaf_is_migration(entry) && !PageLocked(page));
		if (softleaf_is_migration(entry))
		softleaf_migration_sync(entry, page_folio(page));

		return page;
		}
		@@ -394,12 +408,8 @@ static inline struct folio *softleaf_to_folio(softleaf_t entry)
		struct folio *folio = pfn_folio(softleaf_to_pfn(entry));

		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!softleaf_has_pfn(entry));
		/*
		* Any use of migration entries may only occur while the
		* corresponding folio is locked.
		*/
		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(softleaf_is_migration(entry) &&
		!folio_test_locked(folio));
		if (softleaf_is_migration(entry))
		softleaf_migration_sync(entry, folio);

		return folio;
		}