Merge branch 'topic/cxl' into next (64f7efb0) · Commits · git / linux-net

Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-cxl→Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-cxl

+27 −28

Original line number	Diff line number	Diff line
		The cxl driver is no longer maintained, and will be removed from the kernel in
		the near future.
		The cxl driver was removed in 6.14.

		Please note that attributes that are shared between devices are stored in
		the directory pointed to by the symlink device/.
		@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ For example, the real path of the attribute /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0s/irqs_max is
		Slave contexts (eg. /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0s):

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/afu_err_buf
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		AFU Error Buffer contents. The contents of this file are
		@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ Description: read only


		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/irqs_max
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read/write
		Decimal value of maximum number of interrupts that can be
		@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ Description: read/write
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/irqs_min
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Decimal value of the minimum number of interrupts that
		@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/mmio_size
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Decimal value of the size of the MMIO space that may be mmapped
		@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/modes_supported
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		List of the modes this AFU supports. One per line.
		@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/mode
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read/write
		The current mode the AFU is using. Will be one of the modes
		@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl


		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/prefault_mode
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read/write
		Set the mode for prefaulting in segments into the segment table
		@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ Description: read/write
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/reset
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: write only
		Writing 1 here will reset the AFU provided there are not
		@@ -96,14 +95,14 @@ Description: write only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/api_version
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Decimal value of the current version of the kernel/user API.
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/api_version_compatible
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Decimal value of the lowest version of the userspace API
		@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ An AFU may optionally export one or more PCIe like configuration records, known
		as AFU configuration records, which will show up here (if present).

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/vendor
		Date: February 2015
		Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Hexadecimal value of the vendor ID found in this AFU
		@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/device
		Date: February 2015
		Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Hexadecimal value of the device ID found in this AFU
		@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/class
		Date: February 2015
		Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Hexadecimal value of the class code found in this AFU
		@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/config
		Date: February 2015
		Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		This binary file provides raw access to the AFU configuration
		@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
		Master contexts (eg. /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0m)

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>m/mmio_size
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Decimal value of the size of the MMIO space that may be mmapped
		@@ -163,14 +162,14 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>m/pp_mmio_len
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Decimal value of the Per Process MMIO space length.
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>m/pp_mmio_off
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		(not in a guest)
		@@ -181,21 +180,21 @@ Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
		Card info (eg. /sys/class/cxl/card0)

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/caia_version
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Identifies the CAIA Version the card implements.
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/psl_revision
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Identifies the revision level of the PSL.
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/base_image
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		(not in a guest)
		@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/image_loaded
		Date: September 2014
		Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		(not in a guest)
		@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/load_image_on_perst
		Date: December 2014
		Date: December 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read/write
		(not in a guest)
		@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ Description: read/write
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/reset
		Date: October 2014
		Date: October 2014, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: write only
		Writing 1 will issue a PERST to card provided there are no
		@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ Description: write only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/perst_reloads_same_image
		Date: July 2015
		Date: July 2015, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read/write
		(not in a guest)
		@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ Description: read/write
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/psl_timebase_synced
		Date: March 2016
		Date: March 2016, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Returns 1 if the psl timebase register is synchronized
		@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ Description: read only
		Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/tunneled_ops_supported
		Date: May 2018
		Date: May 2018, removed February 2025
		Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
		Description: read only
		Returns 1 if tunneled operations are supported in capi mode,

Documentation/arch/powerpc/cxl.rst

deleted100644 → 0

+0 −470

Original line number	Diff line number	Diff line
		====================================
		Coherent Accelerator Interface (CXL)
		====================================

		Introduction
		============

		The coherent accelerator interface is designed to allow the
		coherent connection of accelerators (FPGAs and other devices) to a
		POWER system. These devices need to adhere to the Coherent
		Accelerator Interface Architecture (CAIA).

		IBM refers to this as the Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface
		or CAPI. In the kernel it's referred to by the name CXL to avoid
		confusion with the ISDN CAPI subsystem.

		Coherent in this context means that the accelerator and CPUs can
		both access system memory directly and with the same effective
		addresses.

		This driver is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

		Hardware overview
		=================

		::

		POWER8/9 FPGA
		+----------+ +---------+
		\| \| \| \|
		\| CPU \| \| AFU \|
		\| \| \| \|
		\| \| \| \|
		\| \| \| \|
		+----------+ +---------+
		\| PHB \| \| \|
		\| +------+ \| PSL \|
		\| \| CAPP \|<------>\| \|
		+---+------+ PCIE +---------+

		The POWER8/9 chip has a Coherently Attached Processor Proxy (CAPP)
		unit which is part of the PCIe Host Bridge (PHB). This is managed
		by Linux by calls into OPAL. Linux doesn't directly program the
		CAPP.

		The FPGA (or coherently attached device) consists of two parts.
		The POWER Service Layer (PSL) and the Accelerator Function Unit
		(AFU). The AFU is used to implement specific functionality behind
		the PSL. The PSL, among other things, provides memory address
		translation services to allow each AFU direct access to userspace
		memory.

		The AFU is the core part of the accelerator (eg. the compression,
		crypto etc function). The kernel has no knowledge of the function
		of the AFU. Only userspace interacts directly with the AFU.

		The PSL provides the translation and interrupt services that the
		AFU needs. This is what the kernel interacts with. For example, if
		the AFU needs to read a particular effective address, it sends
		that address to the PSL, the PSL then translates it, fetches the
		data from memory and returns it to the AFU. If the PSL has a
		translation miss, it interrupts the kernel and the kernel services
		the fault. The context to which this fault is serviced is based on
		who owns that acceleration function.

		- POWER8 and PSL Version 8 are compliant to the CAIA Version 1.0.
		- POWER9 and PSL Version 9 are compliant to the CAIA Version 2.0.

		This PSL Version 9 provides new features such as:

		* Interaction with the nest MMU on the P9 chip.
		* Native DMA support.
		* Supports sending ASB_Notify messages for host thread wakeup.
		* Supports Atomic operations.
		* etc.

		Cards with a PSL9 won't work on a POWER8 system and cards with a
		PSL8 won't work on a POWER9 system.

		AFU Modes
		=========

		There are two programming modes supported by the AFU. Dedicated
		and AFU directed. AFU may support one or both modes.

		When using dedicated mode only one MMU context is supported. In
		this mode, only one userspace process can use the accelerator at
		time.

		When using AFU directed mode, up to 16K simultaneous contexts can
		be supported. This means up to 16K simultaneous userspace
		applications may use the accelerator (although specific AFUs may
		support fewer). In this mode, the AFU sends a 16 bit context ID
		with each of its requests. This tells the PSL which context is
		associated with each operation. If the PSL can't translate an
		operation, the ID can also be accessed by the kernel so it can
		determine the userspace context associated with an operation.


		MMIO space
		==========

		A portion of the accelerator MMIO space can be directly mapped
		from the AFU to userspace. Either the whole space can be mapped or
		just a per context portion. The hardware is self describing, hence
		the kernel can determine the offset and size of the per context
		portion.


		Interrupts
		==========

		AFUs may generate interrupts that are destined for userspace. These
		are received by the kernel as hardware interrupts and passed onto
		userspace by a read syscall documented below.

		Data storage faults and error interrupts are handled by the kernel
		driver.


		Work Element Descriptor (WED)
		=============================

		The WED is a 64-bit parameter passed to the AFU when a context is
		started. Its format is up to the AFU hence the kernel has no
		knowledge of what it represents. Typically it will be the
		effective address of a work queue or status block where the AFU
		and userspace can share control and status information.




		User API
		========

		1. AFU character devices
		^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

		For AFUs operating in AFU directed mode, two character device
		files will be created. /dev/cxl/afu0.0m will correspond to a
		master context and /dev/cxl/afu0.0s will correspond to a slave
		context. Master contexts have access to the full MMIO space an
		AFU provides. Slave contexts have access to only the per process
		MMIO space an AFU provides.

		For AFUs operating in dedicated process mode, the driver will
		only create a single character device per AFU called
		/dev/cxl/afu0.0d. This will have access to the entire MMIO space
		that the AFU provides (like master contexts in AFU directed).

		The types described below are defined in include/uapi/misc/cxl.h

		The following file operations are supported on both slave and
		master devices.

		A userspace library libcxl is available here:

		https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl

		This provides a C interface to this kernel API.

		open
		----

		Opens the device and allocates a file descriptor to be used with
		the rest of the API.

		A dedicated mode AFU only has one context and only allows the
		device to be opened once.

		An AFU directed mode AFU can have many contexts, the device can be
		opened once for each context that is available.

		When all available contexts are allocated the open call will fail
		and return -ENOSPC.

		Note:
		IRQs need to be allocated for each context, which may limit
		the number of contexts that can be created, and therefore
		how many times the device can be opened. The POWER8 CAPP
		supports 2040 IRQs and 3 are used by the kernel, so 2037 are
		left. If 1 IRQ is needed per context, then only 2037
		contexts can be allocated. If 4 IRQs are needed per context,
		then only 2037/4 = 509 contexts can be allocated.


		ioctl
		-----

		CXL_IOCTL_START_WORK:
		Starts the AFU context and associates it with the current
		process. Once this ioctl is successfully executed, all memory
		mapped into this process is accessible to this AFU context
		using the same effective addresses. No additional calls are
		required to map/unmap memory. The AFU memory context will be
		updated as userspace allocates and frees memory. This ioctl
		returns once the AFU context is started.

		Takes a pointer to a struct cxl_ioctl_start_work

		::

		struct cxl_ioctl_start_work {
		__u64 flags;
		__u64 work_element_descriptor;
		__u64 amr;
		__s16 num_interrupts;
		__s16 reserved1;
		__s32 reserved2;
		__u64 reserved3;
		__u64 reserved4;
		__u64 reserved5;
		__u64 reserved6;
		};

		flags:
		Indicates which optional fields in the structure are
		valid.

		work_element_descriptor:
		The Work Element Descriptor (WED) is a 64-bit argument
		defined by the AFU. Typically this is an effective
		address pointing to an AFU specific structure
		describing what work to perform.

		amr:
		Authority Mask Register (AMR), same as the powerpc
		AMR. This field is only used by the kernel when the
		corresponding CXL_START_WORK_AMR value is specified in
		flags. If not specified the kernel will use a default
		value of 0.

		num_interrupts:
		Number of userspace interrupts to request. This field
		is only used by the kernel when the corresponding
		CXL_START_WORK_NUM_IRQS value is specified in flags.
		If not specified the minimum number required by the
		AFU will be allocated. The min and max number can be
		obtained from sysfs.

		reserved fields:
		For ABI padding and future extensions

		CXL_IOCTL_GET_PROCESS_ELEMENT:
		Get the current context id, also known as the process element.
		The value is returned from the kernel as a __u32.


		mmap
		----

		An AFU may have an MMIO space to facilitate communication with the
		AFU. If it does, the MMIO space can be accessed via mmap. The size
		and contents of this area are specific to the particular AFU. The
		size can be discovered via sysfs.

		In AFU directed mode, master contexts are allowed to map all of
		the MMIO space and slave contexts are allowed to only map the per
		process MMIO space associated with the context. In dedicated
		process mode the entire MMIO space can always be mapped.

		This mmap call must be done after the START_WORK ioctl.

		Care should be taken when accessing MMIO space. Only 32 and 64-bit
		accesses are supported by POWER8. Also, the AFU will be designed
		with a specific endianness, so all MMIO accesses should consider
		endianness (recommend endian(3) variants like: le64toh(),
		be64toh() etc). These endian issues equally apply to shared memory
		queues the WED may describe.


		read
		----

		Reads events from the AFU. Blocks if no events are pending
		(unless O_NONBLOCK is supplied). Returns -EIO in the case of an
		unrecoverable error or if the card is removed.

		read() will always return an integral number of events.

		The buffer passed to read() must be at least 4K bytes.

		The result of the read will be a buffer of one or more events,
		each event is of type struct cxl_event, of varying size::

		struct cxl_event {
		struct cxl_event_header header;
		union {
		struct cxl_event_afu_interrupt irq;
		struct cxl_event_data_storage fault;
		struct cxl_event_afu_error afu_error;
		};
		};

		The struct cxl_event_header is defined as

		::

		struct cxl_event_header {
		__u16 type;
		__u16 size;
		__u16 process_element;
		__u16 reserved1;
		};

		type:
		This defines the type of event. The type determines how
		the rest of the event is structured. These types are
		described below and defined by enum cxl_event_type.

		size:
		This is the size of the event in bytes including the
		struct cxl_event_header. The start of the next event can
		be found at this offset from the start of the current
		event.

		process_element:
		Context ID of the event.

		reserved field:
		For future extensions and padding.

		If the event type is CXL_EVENT_AFU_INTERRUPT then the event
		structure is defined as

		::

		struct cxl_event_afu_interrupt {
		__u16 flags;
		__u16 irq; /* Raised AFU interrupt number */
		__u32 reserved1;
		};

		flags:
		These flags indicate which optional fields are present
		in this struct. Currently all fields are mandatory.

		irq:
		The IRQ number sent by the AFU.

		reserved field:
		For future extensions and padding.

		If the event type is CXL_EVENT_DATA_STORAGE then the event
		structure is defined as

		::

		struct cxl_event_data_storage {
		__u16 flags;
		__u16 reserved1;
		__u32 reserved2;
		__u64 addr;
		__u64 dsisr;
		__u64 reserved3;
		};

		flags:
		These flags indicate which optional fields are present in
		this struct. Currently all fields are mandatory.

		address:
		The address that the AFU unsuccessfully attempted to
		access. Valid accesses will be handled transparently by the
		kernel but invalid accesses will generate this event.

		dsisr:
		This field gives information on the type of fault. It is a
		copy of the DSISR from the PSL hardware when the address
		fault occurred. The form of the DSISR is as defined in the
		CAIA.

		reserved fields:
		For future extensions

		If the event type is CXL_EVENT_AFU_ERROR then the event structure
		is defined as

		::

		struct cxl_event_afu_error {
		__u16 flags;
		__u16 reserved1;
		__u32 reserved2;
		__u64 error;
		};

		flags:
		These flags indicate which optional fields are present in
		this struct. Currently all fields are Mandatory.

		error:
		Error status from the AFU. Defined by the AFU.

		reserved fields:
		For future extensions and padding


		2. Card character device (powerVM guest only)
		^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

		In a powerVM guest, an extra character device is created for the
		card. The device is only used to write (flash) a new image on the
		FPGA accelerator. Once the image is written and verified, the
		device tree is updated and the card is reset to reload the updated
		image.

		open
		----

		Opens the device and allocates a file descriptor to be used with
		the rest of the API. The device can only be opened once.

		ioctl
		-----

		CXL_IOCTL_DOWNLOAD_IMAGE / CXL_IOCTL_VALIDATE_IMAGE:
		Starts and controls flashing a new FPGA image. Partial
		reconfiguration is not supported (yet), so the image must contain
		a copy of the PSL and AFU(s). Since an image can be quite large,
		the caller may have to iterate, splitting the image in smaller
		chunks.

		Takes a pointer to a struct cxl_adapter_image::

		struct cxl_adapter_image {
		__u64 flags;
		__u64 data;
		__u64 len_data;
		__u64 len_image;
		__u64 reserved1;
		__u64 reserved2;
		__u64 reserved3;
		__u64 reserved4;
		};

		flags:
		These flags indicate which optional fields are present in
		this struct. Currently all fields are mandatory.

		data:
		Pointer to a buffer with part of the image to write to the
		card.

		len_data:
		Size of the buffer pointed to by data.

		len_image:
		Full size of the image.


		Sysfs Class
		===========

		A cxl sysfs class is added under /sys/class/cxl to facilitate
		enumeration and tuning of the accelerators. Its layout is
		described in Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-cxl


		Udev rules
		==========

		The following udev rules could be used to create a symlink to the
		most logical chardev to use in any programming mode (afuX.Yd for
		dedicated, afuX.Ys for afu directed), since the API is virtually
		identical for each::

		SUBSYSTEM=="cxl", ATTRS{mode}=="dedicated_process", SYMLINK="cxl/%b"
		SUBSYSTEM=="cxl", ATTRS{mode}=="afu_directed", \
		KERNEL=="afu[0-9].[0-9]s", SYMLINK="cxl/%b"

Documentation/arch/powerpc/index.rst

+0 −1

Original line number	Diff line number	Diff line
		@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ powerpc
		bootwrapper
		cpu_families
		cpu_features
		cxl
		dawr-power9
		dexcr
		dscr

Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst

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